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| c. 420 BC |
| | Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha | |
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| c. 320 |
| | Pachomius organizes in Egypt the first community of Christian monks, at Dandara on the Nile | |
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| c. 500 |
| | Monks in Ireland live in stone beehive cells on rocky islands, to achieve maximum discomfort | |
| | Beehive stone house, 6th century Fotofile CG
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| c. 525 |
| | St Benedict gathers fellow hermits at Subiaco into a series of small monasteries | |
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| c. 530 |
| | St Benedict founds a monastery at Monte Cassino and writes a Rule for the monks which becomes the basis of the Benedictine order | |
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| 597 |
| | Augustine, arriving with a party of monks from Rome, reaches Canterbury and is well received by the pagan king of Kent | |
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